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Pediatrics Diagnosis & Treatment Simplified
Comprehensive pediatrics video course — neonatology, growth & development, respiratory emergencies, congenital heart disease, pediatric neurology, GI & nutrition, infectious diseases, genetics, inborn errors of metabolism, and renal disease from Dr. Medicine Made Easy and Medicosis Perfectionalis
211Tutorial Videos
13Modules
100%Free Access
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Neonatology — Resuscitation & Assessment
12 videosNeonatal Resuscitation
NRP algorithm — initial steps, PPV, chest compressions, and medications.
APGAR Score — Mnemonic
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration — scoring at 1 and 5 minutes.
History & Physical Examination of the Newborn
Systematic newborn exam — gestational age, reflexes, and anomaly screening.
Fetal Circulation
Umbilical vessels, ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus.
Fetal Circulation — Detailed
Placental gas exchange, shunts, and postnatal circulatory changes.
Neonatal Hypothermia
Temperature regulation, cold stress, and kangaroo care.
Prematurity
Complications — RDS, NEC, IVH, ROP, and developmental outcomes.
Neonatal Fluid Management
Daily fluid requirements and IV fluid calculations in neonates.
Neonatal Feeding Management
Breastfeeding, formula, enteral feeding, and nutritional requirements.
CPAP in Neonates & Infants
Bubble CPAP, indications, settings, and weaning.
Pediatric Neonatology Part 1
Comprehensive neonatology review — Part 1.
Pediatric Neonatology Part 2
Comprehensive neonatology review — Part 2.
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Neonatal Respiratory Disorders
6 videosNeonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Surfactant deficiency — ground-glass CXR, surfactant replacement, and antenatal steroids.
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Delayed fluid clearance — wet lung and supportive care.
NRDS vs TTN Comparison
Key clinical and radiographic differences.
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Meconium-stained fluid — suctioning, ventilation, and complications.
Meconium Aspiration — Quick Review
MAS pathophysiology, CXR findings, and management summary.
Laryngomalacia — Mnemonic
Most common cause of stridor in infants — floppy epiglottis.
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Neonatal Infections & Hematology
17 videosNeonatal Sepsis
Early vs late onset — GBS, E. coli, empiric antibiotics.
GBS — Neonatal Meningitis & Sepsis
Group B Strep — vertical transmission and intrapartum prophylaxis.
TORCH Infections — Vertical Transmission
Toxoplasma, rubella, CMV, herpes, syphilis — features and diagnosis.
TORCH Infections — Mnemonic
Memory aid for congenital infections and differentiating features.
Congenital Syphilis
Hutchinson teeth, saddle nose, saber shins, and penicillin.
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Gonococcal vs chlamydial — timing, prophylaxis, and treatment.
Neonatal Jaundice
Physiological vs pathological — phototherapy and exchange transfusion.
Rh Incompatibility — HDN
Erythroblastosis fetalis — anti-D immunoglobulin and exchange transfusion.
ABO vs Rh Incompatibility
Key differences in mechanism, severity, and management.
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
HIE staging, therapeutic hypothermia, and outcomes.
Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding — prophylaxis and treatment.
Fetal Hematopoiesis
Yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow — developmental sequence.
Neonatal Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia
Passive autoimmune and isoimmune platelet destruction.
Passive Autoimmune vs Isoimmune Thrombocytopenia
Distinguishing low platelets in neonates — mechanisms and management.
Hydrops Fetalis
Immune and non-immune causes — ascites, pleural effusion, and management.
SSSS vs Erythema Toxicum
Staphylococcal scalded skin vs benign neonatal rash.
Neonatal Seizures & Febrile Convulsions
Neonatal seizure types, febrile seizures, and treatment.
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Growth, Development & Assessment
14 videosGrowth & Development
Normal growth patterns and developmental screening.
Developmental Milestones
1 month to 5 years — motor, language, and social milestones.
Childhood Growth Part 1: First Year
Weight, length, and head circumference norms.
Childhood Growth Part 2
Growth velocity — toddler through adolescence.
Growth Charts & Percentiles
Plotting and interpreting — crossing percentiles and red flags.
Short Stature — Growth Charts
Pathological vs normal variants of short stature.
Constitutional Delay of Growth
Delayed bone age, late puberty, and normal adult height.
Familial Short Stature
Normal bone age, normal growth velocity, short parents.
Tall Stature
GH excess, precocious puberty, and Marfan syndrome.
Growth Hormone — Physiology
Somatotropin — dwarfism, gigantism, acromegaly.
IGF-1 / Somatomedin C
Insulin-like growth factor — GH axis and clinical significance.
Pediatric History Taking
Birth, feeding, immunization, and developmental history.
Assessing Consciousness in Children
Pediatric GCS, Blantyre coma scale, and AVPU.
Silver-Russell Syndrome
Growth retardation, hemihypertrophy, and triangular face.
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Pediatric Respiratory Diseases
15 videosBronchiolitis
RSV — wheeze in infants, supportive care, and admission criteria.
Pneumonia in Children
Age-based microbiology, CXR, and antibiotic selection.
Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Severity grading, bronchodilators, steroids, and ICU escalation.
Croup
Laryngotracheobronchitis — barking cough, steeple sign, nebulised adrenaline.
Acute Epiglottitis
Drooling, muffled voice, thumb sign — emergent airway management.
Acute Epiglottitis — Detailed
Haemophilus influenzae type b — diagnosis and treatment.
Acute Epiglottitis — D Mnemonic
The 4 Ds of epiglottitis memory aid.
Epiglottitis vs Croup Comparison
Key differentiating features — age, onset, and management.
Whooping Cough — Pertussis
Paroxysmal cough, whoop, post-tussive vomiting, and azithromycin.
Common Cold / Coryzal Illness
Viral URTI — supportive care and danger signs.
Nasal Polyps — Allergic Rhinitis & CF
Bilateral nasal polyps in children — cystic fibrosis association.
Cystic Fibrosis — Pathogenesis & Complications
CFTR mutation — bronchiectasis, malabsorption, and infertility.
Cystic Fibrosis — Diagnosis & Treatment
Sweat chloride test, CFTR modulators, and physiotherapy.
Cystic Fibrosis — Mnemonic
Memory aid for CF features and complications.
Lung Sounds — Respiratory Examination
Crackles, wheeze, stridor — bedside auscultation guide.
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Congenital Heart Disease
14 videosTetralogy of Fallot — Detailed
VSD, overriding aorta, RVOT obstruction, RVH — cyanosis and tet spells.
Tetralogy of Fallot — Overview
TOF summary — boot-shaped heart and surgical repair.
TOF — Why Patients Squat
Squatting physiology — SVR and shunt reversal.
Atrial Septal Defect
Acyanotic CHD — fixed split S2, pulmonary plethora.
Ventricular Septal Defect
Most common CHD — harsh pansystolic murmur and Eisenmenger.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Machinery murmur — indomethacin and surgical ligation.
Coarctation of the Aorta — Mnemonic
Infantile vs adult type — rib notching and hypertension.
Coarctation of the Aorta — Detailed
Radio-femoral delay, collaterals, and repair.
Turner Syndrome — Cardiovascular Complications
Bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation in 45,X.
Rheumatic Fever — Jones Criteria
Major and minor criteria, streptococcal pharyngitis, and prophylaxis.
Sydenham Chorea — Rheumatic Fever
St. Vitus dance — involuntary movements and penicillin.
Rheumatic Fever vs Infective Endocarditis
Key comparison — organisms, valve involvement, and treatment.
Infective Endocarditis
Duke criteria — fever, new murmur, and antibiotic regimens.
Potter Sequence
Oligohydramnios — pulmonary hypoplasia and facial features.
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Pediatric Neurology
14 videosStatus Epilepticus
First-line benzodiazepines, second-line AEDs, and refractory management.
Febrile Seizures — Detailed
Pathophysiology, risk factors, and reassurance guidance.
Seizures — Epilepsy — Anticonvulsant Overview
Classification of seizures and first-line medication choices.
Antiepileptic Drugs — AEDs
Mechanisms, indications, and side effects of anticonvulsants.
Phenytoin — Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
Phenytoin mnemonic and teratogenicity.
Antiepileptics — Detailed Pharmacology
Comprehensive anticonvulsant pharmacology review.
Cerebral Palsy
Types — spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic — etiology and management.
Cerebral Palsy — Quick Review
5-minute review of CP classification and treatment.
Hydrocephalus
Communicating vs obstructive — VP shunt and management.
Hydrocephalus — Detailed
Types including normal pressure and ex vacuo.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Werdnig-Hoffmann — anterior horn cell disease, floppy infant.
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Refractory epilepsy, slow spike-and-wave, multiple seizure types.
ADHD — Management & Pharmacotherapy
Methylphenidate, amphetamines, and behavioural interventions.
Intracranial Hypertension
Elevated ICP — Cushing triad, Queckenstedt test, and management.
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GI, Nutrition & Fluid Management
20 videosDehydration in Children
Mild, moderate, severe — ORS, IV fluids, and reassessment.
Pediatric Fluid Management
Holliday-Segar formula and deficit correction.
Malnutrition Part 1
Kwashiorkor vs marasmus — clinical features and grading.
Malnutrition Part 2
Refeeding syndrome, therapeutic feeding, and micronutrients.
Diarrhea
Acute watery diarrhea — rotavirus, ORS, and zinc.
Dysentery
Bloody diarrhea — Shigella, amoeba, and antibiotic choice.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
NEC in preterm — abdominal XR, staging, and surgery.
DKA in Children
Cerebral oedema risk — insulin protocol and fluid rates.
DKA Management — Overview
Practical DKA management algorithm.
Insulin Administration in DKA
Weight-based infusion and transition to subcutaneous.
Diabetes Mellitus — Introduction
Type 1 vs Type 2, LADA, MODY — pediatric relevance.
Pediatric Hypoglycemia
Causes, Whipple triad, and dextrose management.
Dextrose — Clinical Use
Dextrose concentrations in pediatric hypoglycemia and DKA.
Aspirin / Salicylate Poisoning
Metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and treatment.
Choking in Infants
Back blows, chest thrusts, and Heimlich manoeuvre.
Hyperkalemia
ECG changes, peaked T waves, calcium gluconate, and dialysis.
Hypokalemia
Muscle weakness, U waves, replacement strategies.
Duodenal Atresia
Double bubble sign — Down syndrome association and surgery.
Meckel’s Diverticulum
Rule of twos — painless rectal bleeding and Tc-99m scan.
Bedside Urinalysis
Interpreting dipstick — nitrites, leukocytes, protein, glucose.
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Pediatric Infectious Disease
12 videosEnteric Fever — Typhoid
Salmonella typhi — rose spots, relative bradycardia, and chloramphenicol.
Measles — Rubeola
Koplik spots, maculopapular rash, and complications.
Scarlet Fever — Mnemonic
Strawberry tongue, sandpaper rash, and penicillin.
Scabies
Sarcoptes scabiei — burrows, nocturnal itch, and permethrin.
Botulism — Four Types
Food-borne, infant, wound, and inhalation botulism.
Clostridium Perfringens Food Poisoning
Spore-forming anaerobe — rapid-onset watery diarrhea.
Acute Otitis Media
AOM — bulging tympanic membrane and amoxicillin.
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
CSOM — persistent discharge and topical antibiotics.
Mastoiditis
Post-auricular swelling, displaced pinna, and IV antibiotics.
Artesunate — Malaria Treatment
IV artesunate for severe malaria in children.
Osteomyelitis
Hematogenous spread in children — S. aureus, bone scan, antibiotics.
Fever, Heat Exhaustion & Heat Stroke
Pyrogens, heat illness spectrum, and emergency cooling.
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Genetics & Chromosomal Disorders
16 videosDown Syndrome
Trisomy 21 — features, cardiac defects, and screening.
DiGeorge Syndrome — Mnemonic
22q11 deletion — CATCH-22 and hypocalcaemia.
VACTERL Association
Vertebral, cardiac, TE fistula, renal, limb defects.
Noonan Syndrome — Mnemonic
Pulmonary stenosis, webbed neck, and coagulopathy.
Marfan Syndrome — Full Review
FBN1 mutation — arachnodactyly, aortic root, and lens dislocation.
Marfan Syndrome — Mnemonic
Memory aid for Marfan features.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome — Full Review
Collagen defect — hypermobility, skin fragility, and vascular risk.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome — Mnemonic
Memory aid for EDS types and features.
Marfan vs Ehlers-Danlos Comparison
Key biochemical and clinical differences.
Homocystinuria
CBS deficiency — lens dislocation (downward), thrombosis, and B6.
Marfan vs Homocystinuria
Tall habitus with lens dislocation — distinguishing features.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta — Full Review
Brittle bone disease — type I collagen, blue sclerae, and bisphosphonates.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta — Mnemonic
Memory aid for OI types and features.
Genetic Diseases & Cataracts
Galactosemia, rubella, myotonic dystrophy — lens disease.
Albinism
Tyrosinase deficiency — melanin absence, nystagmus, and photosensitivity.
Adrenoleukodystrophy — Mnemonic
ABCD1 mutation — demyelination and adrenal insufficiency.
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Inborn Errors of Metabolism
32 videosPhenylketonuria (PKU)
PAH deficiency — musty odour, fair complexion, phenylalanine-free diet.
Alkaptonuria
Homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency — dark urine and ochronosis.
Tyrosinemia — Types 1, 2, 3
Tyrosine metabolism disorders — liver failure and cabbage odour.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
BCAA accumulation — maple syrup odour and neurological crisis.
Propionic vs Methylmalonic Acidemia
Organic acidemias — hyperammonemia and metabolic acidosis.
Galactosemia — Diagnosis & Treatment
GALT deficiency — neonatal jaundice, E. coli sepsis, cataracts.
Fructose Metabolism Disorders
Fructosuria vs hereditary fructose intolerance.
Lactose Intolerance
Lactase deficiency — osmotic diarrhea and lactose-free diet.
Glycogen Storage Diseases Overview
Von Gierke, Pompe, Cori, Andersen, McArdle, Hers.
Von Gierke Disease — GSD Type I
Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency — fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly.
McArdle Disease — GSD Type V
Myophosphorylase deficiency — exercise-induced cramps and myoglobinuria.
Hyperammonemia & Urea Cycle Disorders
CPS I, OTC, NAGS, ASS, ASL deficiencies — encephalopathy.
Orotic Aciduria, CPS I & OTC Deficiency
Distinguishing urea cycle enzyme defects.
Lysosomal Storage Diseases — Sphingolipidoses
Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry.
Mucopolysaccharidoses — Hurler & Hunter
MPS I and MPS II — coarse features and enzyme replacement.
Inclusion-Cell Disease
I-cell disease — lysosomal targeting defect.
Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects
Carnitine deficiency, MCAD, Refsum, ALD, Zellweger.
Hereditary Mitochondrial Diseases
MELAS, MERRF, Leber — maternal inheritance pattern.
MELAS Syndrome
Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke.
MERRF Syndrome
Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibres.
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Mitochondrial vision loss — bilateral central scotoma.
Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
Mitochondrial deletion — PEO, retinal pigmentation, heart block.
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Glycolytic defect — chronic haemolytic anaemia.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency
PDH defect — lactic acidosis and Leigh syndrome.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Heme synthesis disorder — abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric episodes.
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency — blistering photosensitivity.
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
Gunther disease — severe photosensitivity and haemolysis.
Amino Acid Profiles — Inborn Errors Diagnosis
Blood and urine tests for metabolic disease workup.
Cystinuria
Cystine stones — hexagonal crystals and D-penicillamine.
Cystinosis
Lysosomal cystine accumulation — Fanconi syndrome and cysteamine.
Abetalipoproteinemia
MTP deficiency — fat malabsorption, acanthocytes, ataxia.
Hyperlipidemia — Types I–V
Lipid disorders — familial hypercholesterolaemia and pancreatitis risk.
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Pediatric Nephrology & Hematology
27 videosNephrotic Syndrome — Minimal Change Disease
Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema, and steroids.
Pediatric Nephrology Part 1
Comprehensive nephrology review — Part 1.
Pediatric Nephrology Part 2
Comprehensive nephrology review — Part 2.
Pediatric Nephrology Part 3
Comprehensive nephrology review — Part 3.
Acute vs Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Distinguishing features in renal pathology.
IgA Nephropathy — Berger’s Disease
Synpharyngitic haematuria and mesangial IgA deposits.
Alport Syndrome
X-linked COL4A5 mutation — haematuria, sensorineural deafness.
Acute Renal Failure — Azotemia
Pre-renal, intrinsic, post-renal — BUN:creatinine ratio.
Cystic Kidney Diseases
ARPKD, ADPKD, medullary, sponge kidney — comparison.
Horseshoe Kidney
Congenital fusion anomaly — complications and associations.
Hydroureter & Hydronephrosis
Obstruction — causes, ultrasound, and management.
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
IgA vasculitis — palpable purpura, arthritis, nephritis, GI.
Sickle Cell Anaemia
HbS — vaso-occlusion, aplastic crisis, and hydroxyurea.
Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell
HbF induction — indications and monitoring.
Sickle Cell & Kidney Disease
Isosthenuria, papillary necrosis — trait vs disease.
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
HUS — STEC, microangiopathic anaemia, renal failure.
Atypical HUS
Complement-mediated aHUS — eculizumab treatment.
HUS vs TTP Comparison
Distinguishing microangiopathic thrombotic disorders.
HUS vs aHUS vs TTP
Three-way comparison of thrombotic microangiopathies.
aHUS vs TTP
Complement pathway vs ADAMTS13 deficiency.
ITP vs HUS
Platelet destruction vs microangiopathic haemolysis.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
ADAMTS13 deficiency — pentad and plasma exchange.
ITP vs TTP
Immune platelet destruction vs microangiopathic disorder.
Wilms Tumour — Nephroblastoma
Most common renal tumour in children — WT1, palpable mass.
Neuroblastoma vs Wilms Tumour
Adrenal vs renal — catecholamines vs haematuria.
Neuroblastoma
Sympathetic chain tumour — N-myc oncogene and VMA.
Fanconi Anaemia
Pancytopenia, thumb anomalies, and cancer risk.
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ENT, Endocrine & Miscellaneous
12 videosEpistaxis
Little’s area — first aid, packing, and cauterisation.
SCFE — Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
S mnemonic — obese adolescent, limping, and orthopaedic emergency.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
21-hydroxylase deficiency — ambiguous genitalia, salt-wasting crisis.
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Newborn screening, TSH, T4, and levothyroxine replacement.
Gigantism — GH Excess
Tall stature and pituitary adenoma in childhood.
Atopic Dermatitis — Mnemonic
Eczema in children — atopic triad and treatment.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
DNA repair defect — UV sensitivity and skin cancers.
Nightmares vs Night Terrors
Sleep disorders — timing, recall, and management.
Infantile Beriberi
Thiamine deficiency — cardiac failure and hoarseness.
Pediatric Surgery Overview
Pyloric stenosis, intussusception, and hernias.
Dopamine Calculations
Weight-based dopamine infusion calculations.
Hypothermia — General
Stages of hypothermia, rewarming strategies, and complications.